From: An African perspective on the genetic risk of chronic kidney disease: a systematic review
Author | Gene (chromosome region) | Polymorphism | Minor allele frequency: case/control (%) | Genotyping method | HWE | Adjustment | Effect estimate OR/ HR (95% CI) | Outcome |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tayo et al. [29] | APOL1 (22q12.3) | rs9622363 | A: 25.86/29.75 | Custom Fluidigm ™ 96.96 array platform; TaqMan genotyping assay | 0.788 | Age Gender | OR (additive): 0.76 (0.45 to1.31); p = 0.875 OR (dominant): 0.88 (0.47 to 1.66); p = 0.999 OR (recessive): 0.24 (0.05 to 1.29); p = 0.377 | CKD |
 | rs73885319 | A: 44.19/26.58 |  | 1.00 |  | OR (additive): 2.29 (1.39 to 3.77); p = 0.005 OR (dominant): 2.59 (1.34 to 5.00); p = 0.025 OR (recessive): 3.85 (1.31 to 11.36); p = 0.038 |  | |
 | rs60910145 | G: 50.00/30.13 |  | 0.114 |  | OR (additive): 2.04 (1.32 to 3.17); p = 0.006 OR (dominant): 2.54 (1.31 to 4.92); p = 0.034 OR (recessive): 3.12 (1.35 to 7.20); p = 0.015 |  | |
 | G2: rs71785313 | D: 8.62/12.66 |  | 1.00 |  | OR (additive): 0.61 (0.29 to 1.31); p = 0.701 OR (dominant): 0.64 (0.29 to 1.40); p = 0.816 OR (recessive): NS |  | |
 | G1: rs73885319 and rs60910145 | 44.19/26.92 (A-G haplotype) |  |  |  | OR (additive): 2.25 (1.36 to 3.71); p = 0.005 OR (dominant): 2.52 (1.30 to 4.88); p = 0.051 OR (recessive): 3.80 (1.29 to 11.22); p = 0.026 |  | |
 |  | 50.00/69.87 (G-T haplotype) |  |  |  | OR (additive): 0.49 (0.32 to 0.76); p = 0.005 OR (dominant): 0.32 (0.14 to 0.73); p = 0.018 OR (recessive): 0.40 (0.21 to 0.77); p = 0.031 |  | |
MYH9 (22q12.3) | rs11912763 | A: 38.51/27.22 |  | 1.00 |  | OR (additive): 1.68 (1.02 to 2.76); p = 0.197 OR (dominant): 2.03 (1.06 to 3.87); p = 0.183 OR (recessive): 1.70 (0.58 to 4.94); p = 0.872 |  | |
 | rs2032487 | T: 18.39/26.28 |  | 0.770 |  | OR (additive): 0.68 (0.40 to 1.16); p = 0.580 OR (dominant): 0.64 (0.33 to 1.23); p = 0.645 OR (recessive): 0.55 (0.14 to 2.22); p = 0.934 |  | |
 | rs4821481 | T: 18.39/26.58 |  | 0.777 |  | OR (additive): 0.66 (0.39 to 1.13); p = 0.532 OR (dominant): 0.61 (0.32 to 1.18); p = 0.583 OR (recessive): 0.55 (0.14 to 2.24); p = 0.940 |  | |
 | rs5750248 | C: 25.86/36.08 |  | 1.00 |  | OR (additive): 0.61 (0.37 to 0.99); p = 0.225 OR (dominant): 0.56 (0.29 to 1.05); p = 0.354 OR (recessive): 0.46 (0.15 to 1.41); p = 0.627 |  | |
 | rs5750250 | A: 26.16/37.97 |  | 0.635 |  | OR (additive): 0.56 (0.34 to 0.94); p = 0.141 OR (dominant): 0.51 (0.27 to 0.97); p = 0.208 OR (recessive): 0.44 (0.14 to 1.38); p = 0.576 |  | |
Ulasi et al. [30] | APOL1 (22q12.3) | G1: rs73885319 and rs60910145 G2: rs71785313 | 59/30 20/23 | PCR-sequencing; PCR-RFLP | NS | Age Gender BMI HIV | OR: 4.8 (1.6 to 14.9); p = 5.1E-03 | CKD |
Matsha et al. [28] | MYH9 (22q12.3) | rs5756152 | G: 12.4 (overall) | PCR-sequencing; TaqMan genotyping assay | > 0.999 | Age Gender Diabetes ACR | OR (additive): − 2.3 (− 5.6 to 0.9); p = 0.16 OR (additive): 1.91 (− 1.32 to 5.15); p = 0.25 OR (additive): 1.83 (− 1.23 to 4.89); p = 0.24 OR (additive): − 1.6 (− 18.9 to 15.6); p = 0.85 | Serum creatinine eGFR(MDRD) eGFR (CKD-EPI) ACR |
rs4821480 | T: 30.3 (overall) | Â | 0.053 | Â | NS | Â | ||
rs12107 | A: 22.2 (overall) |  | 0.908 |  | OR (additive): 0.4 (− 2.2 to 2.9); p = 0.78 OR (additive): − 0.07 (− 2.61 to 2.46); p = 0.95 OR (additive): 0.13 (− 2.27 to 2.54); p = 0.91 OR (additive): 1.0 (− 12.6 to 14.5); p = 0.90 | Serum creatinine eGFR(MDRD) eGFR (CKD-EPI) ACR | ||
Matsha et al. [27] | APOL1 (22q12.3) | rs73885319 | G: 3.6 (overall) | PCR-sequencing; TaqMan genotyping assay | 0.150 | Age Gender Diabetes Hypertension | OR (additive): -0.018 (-0.069 to 0.0034); p=0.503 OR (dominant): -0.026 (-0.080 to 0.028); p=0.341 OR (recessive): 0.191 (-0.094 to 0.478); p=0.189 | Serum creatinine |
 |  |  |  |  |  |  | OR (additive): 0.99 (-4.42 to 6.40); p=0.720 OR (dominant): 1.75 (-9.93 to 7.44); p=0.546 OR (recessive): -18.54 (-48.59 to 11.51); p=0.227 | eGFR(MDRD) |
 |  |  |  |  |  |  | OR (additive): 2.07 (-2.40 to 6.55); p=0.364 OR (dominant): 2.96 (-1.74 to 7.66); p=0.217 OR (recessive): -18.90 (-43.76 to 5.96); p=0.136 | eGFR (CKD-EPI) |
 |  |  |  |  |  |  | OR (additive): 0.76 (0.27 to 2.16); p=0.601 OR (dominant): 0.56 (0.18 to 1.79); p=0.307 OR (recessive): 23.47 (0.92 to 599.29); p=0.074 | CKD (MDRD) |
 |  |  |  |  |  |  | OR (additive): 1.08 (0.38 to 3.03); p=0.887 OR (dominant): 0.81 (0.26 to 2.54); p=0.720 OR (recessive): 42.72 (1.22 to ∞); p=0.047 | CKD (CKD-EPI) |
 |  |  |  |  |  |  | OR (additive): -0.126 (-0.446 to 0.195); p=0.442 OR (dominant): -0.096 (-0.436 to 0.245); p=0.583 OR (recessive): -1.02 (-2.62 to 0.57); p=0.210 | ACR |
 |  | rs60919145 | G: 3.4 (overall) |  | 0.127 |  | OR (additive): -0.020 (-0.072 to 0.033); p=0.466 OR (dominant): -0.029 (-0.084 to 0.026); p=0.307 OR (recessive): 0.192 (-0.094 to 0.478); p=0.289 | Serum creatinine |
 |  |  |  |  |  |  | OR (additive): 1.26 (-4.27 to 6.79); p=0.656 OR (dominant): 2.09 (-3.73 to 7.91); p=0.482 OR (recessive): -18.54 (-48.59 to 11.51); p=0.227 | eGFR(MDRD) |
 |  |  |  |  |  |  | OR (additive): 2.28 (-2.29 to 6.86); p=0.328 OR (dominant): 3.24 (-1.57 to 8.06); p=0.187 OR (recessive): -18.90 (-43.76 to 5.96); p=0.136 | eGFR (CKD-EPI) |
 |  |  |  |  |  |  | OR (additive): 0.80 (0.28 to 2.27); p=0.665 OR (dominant): 0.59 (0.18 to 1.89); p=0.350 OR (recessive): 23.47 (0.92 to 599.29); p=0.074 | CKD (MDRD) |
 |  |  |  |  |  |  | OR (additive): 1.12 (0.39 to 3.16); p=0.836 OR (dominant): 0.84 (0.27 to 2.65); p=0.767 OR (recessive): 42.72 (1.22 to ∞); p=0.047 | CKD (CKD-EPI) |
 |  |  |  |  |  |  | OR (additive): -0.178 (-0.504 to 0.147); p=0.283 OR (dominant): -0.154 (-0.502 to 0.193); p=0.384 OR (recessive): -1.02 (-2.62 to 0.57); p=0.210 | ACR |
 |  | rs71785313 | Del: 5.8 (overall) |  | 0.420 |  | OR (additive): 0.019 (-0.022 to 0.060); p=0.367 OR (dominant): -0.020 (-0.024 to 0.064); p=0.382 OR (recessive): 0.038 (-0.144 to 0.219); p=0.684 | Serum creatinine |
 |  |  |  |  |  |  | OR (additive): -2.38 (-6.68 to 1.93); p=0.323 OR (dominant): -2.35 (-6.99 to 2.30); p=0.323 OR (recessive): -7.16 (-26.19 to 11.87); p=0.461 | eGFR(MDRD) |
 |  |  |  |  |  |  | OR (additive): -2.91 (-6.46 to 0.65); p=0.110 OR (dominant): -3.03 (-6.88 to 0.81); p=0.123 OR (recessive): -5.99 (-21.74 to 9.76); p=0.456 | eGFR (CKD-EPI) |
 |  |  |  |  |  |  | OR (additive): 0.86 (0.39 to 1.93); p=0.712 OR (dominant): 0.91 (0.38 to 2.14); p=0.823 OR (recessive): 0.0 | CKD (MDRD) |
 |  |  |  |  |  |  | OR (additive): 1.00 (0.42 to 2.34); p=0.993 OR (dominant): 1.07 (0.43 to 2.66); p=0.890 OR (recessive): 0.0 | CKD (CKD-EPI) |
 |  |  |  |  |  |  | OR (additive): 0.035 (-0.207 to 0.277); p=0.777 OR (dominant): 0.050 (-0.214 to 0.314); p=0.710 OR (recessive): -1.123 (-1.134 to 0.888); p=0.811 | ACR |
Lahrach et al. [21] | apoE (19q13.32) | e2 (rs7412-T, rs429358-T) | 3.0/6.0 | PCR-sequencing; gelelectrophoresis | NS | None | OR (NS): 0.473 (0.181 to 1.235); p=0.093 | ESRD |
 |  | e3 (rs7412-C, rs429358-T | 73.0/82.0 (Reference) |  |  |  | Reference group |  |
 |  | e4 (rs7412-C, rs429358-C) | 24.0/12.0 |  |  |  | OR (NS): 0.491 (0.277 to 0.870); p=0.009 (UA) |  |
Hanna et al. [19] | AT1R (3q24) | A1166C | C: 86.0/83.0 | PCR-RFLP | NS | Age Gender | HR (NS): 1.254 (0.658 to 2.389); p=0.491 | ESRD |
Kerkeni et al. [20] | eNOS (7q36.1) | G894T (exon7) | T: 27.0/22.1 | PCR-RFLP | Satisfied HWE (p-value NS) | Age Gender Smoking Hypertension Dyslipidaemia Cholesterol Homocysteine MTHFR C677T eNOS G894T | EE not reported; p=0.028 (difference in allele frequency) | CKD |
Elshamaa et al. [18] | eNOS (7q36.1) | 4a (intron4) | CT and MHD/controls: 32.8 and 33.7/22.7 CT and MHD/controls: 67.2 and 66.3/78.3 | PCR-sequencing; gelelectrophoresis | Satisfied HWE (p-value NE) | Age Hypertension SBP DBP Serum NO | EE not reported; p<0.05 (patient groups vs control) | Advanced CKD (ESRD) |
Radwan et al. [22] | XPD (9) | Asp312Asn | Asn: 35.0/36.0 | PCR-RFLP | Satisfied HWE (p-value NE) | NS | OR (NS): 0.93 (0.53 to 1.64); p=0.93 | ESRD |
 |  | Lys751Gln | Gln: 37.0/37.0 |  |  |  | OR (NS): 0.98 (0.55 to 1.74); p=0.94 |  |
 | XRCC1 (NS) | Arg399Gln | Gln: 34.0/19.0 |  |  |  | OR (NS): 2.48 (1.36 to 4.52); p=0.002 |  |
Rezk et al. [23] | Renalase (10q23.21) | rs2296545 | C: 28.7/16.3 C: 29.4/16.3 (hypertensive CKD/controls) | PCR-RFLP | Satisfied HWE (p-value NE) | NS | OR: 2.14 (1.07 to 4.26); p=0.04 OR: 2.10 (1.07 to 4.26); p=0.041 (hypertensive CKD/controls) | CKD Hypertensive CKD |
Abdallah et al. [26] | Renalase (10q23.21) | rs2576178 | G: 56/16 | PCR-sequencing; gelelectrophoresis | NS | NS | OR: 7.188 (3.5 to 14.7); p<0.05 | ESRD |
 |  | rs10887800 | G: 26/12 |  |  | OR: 12.3 (5.6 to 27.1); p<0.05 |  | |
Elshamaa et al. [25] | ADIPOQ (3q27.3) | rs1501299G>T; | T: 18.6/10.7 T (CT/MHD): 15.6/20.7 | PCR-sequencing; gelelectrophoresis | Satisfied HWE (p-value NE) | NS | p=0.04 (TT genotype distribution between cases and controls) | Advanced CKD (ESRD) |
 |  | rs2241766T>G | G: 0.0/0.0 G (CT/MHD): 0.0/0.0 |  |  |  |  |  |
Elhelbawy et al. [24] | CCR2 (3q21.31) | G190A | G: 75.7/90.0 A: 24.3/10.0 | PCR-RFLP | NS | NS | OR: 2.8 (1.40 to 5.51); p<0.05 OR: 4.1 (1.27 to 13.03); p<0.05 OR: 2.9 (1.14 to 7.3); p<0.05 | CKD |