Fig. 3From: Adjusting heterogeneous ascertainment bias for genetic association analysis with extended familiesQQ plots for FQLS1 and FQLS2 under the null hypothesis. QQplots for FQLS1 and FQLS2 are obtaind when h2 is 0.2((a), (b)), 0.5((c), (d)), or 0.8((e), (f)). P-values were calculated based on 5000 replicates when the number of families was 900. The genetic effect β was assumed to be 0, and the minor allele frequency was 0.2Back to article page