Table 1 Clinical characteristics of women with low birthweight, precocious pubarche, short stature and insulin resistance
Subject | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (yr) | 20 | 15 | 20 | 13 |
Gestational age (wk) | 39 | 38 | 40 | 37 |
Birthweight SDS (Kg) | −3.9 (1.8) | −3.1 (1.8) | −3.0 (2.2) | −3.2 (1.2) |
Birth length SDS (cm) | −3.9 (42) | −3.1 (42) | −3.0 (45) | −3.2 (39) |
Head circumference SDS (cm) | −1.8 (31.5) | −1.8 (30.5) | −2.5 (31.0) | n/a |
Mid-parental target height Z-score (cm) | −0.4 (161) | −0.8 (159) | −1.5 (155) | 0.2 (164) |
Adult height Z-score (cm) | −3.6 (143) | −2.1 (153) | −2.3 (151) | −2.3 (151) |
Adult weight (Kg) | 39.3 | 56.0 | 68.0 | 41.7 |
Body mass index SDS (Kg/m2) | −0.7 (19.2) | 0.8 (23.9) | 2.6 (29.8) | −1.0 (18.3) |
Age at pubarche (yr) | 7.0 | 7.8 | 6.0 | 7.5 |
Age at menarche (yr) | 11.0 | 10.0 | 11.0 | 10.0 |
Polycystic ovary syndrome (age, yr) | 15.0 | No | 15.0 | No |
Body asymmetry | No | No | No | No |
Triangular shaped face | No | No | No | No |
Irregular crowded teeth | No | No | No | No |
Low set ears | No | No | No | No |
Retrognathia | Yes | No | No | No |
Prominent forehead | No | No | Yes | No |
Down-turned corners of the mouth | Yes | No | Yes | No |
Thin lips | No | No | No | No |
Squeaky voice | Yes | No | No | No |
Genital abnormalities | No | No | No | No |
Clinodactyly or brachydactyly | No | No | No | No |
Glucose (mg/dl) | 102 ↑ | 88 | 81 | 83 |
Insulin (mU/L) † | 20.4 ↑ | 17.9 ↑ | 16.6 ↑ | 17.4 ↑ |
Insulin sensitivity (% HOMA) † | 65 ↓ | 58 ↓ | 54 ↓ | 57 ↓ |
Testosterone (ng/dL) † | 65 ↑ | 64 ↑ | 84 ↑ | 60 ↑ |
SHBG (μg/dL) † | 29 ↑ | 31 ↑ | 15 ↑ | 27 ↑ |
Free Androgen Index † | 7.8 ↑ | 7.2 ↑ | 19.4 ↑ | 7.7 ↑ |
Androstenedione (ng/dL) † | 337 ↑ | 190 | 567 ↑ | 221 ↑ |
DHEAS (μg/dL) † | 329 ↑ | 86 | 311 ↑ | 89 |
Karyotype | Normal | Normal | Normal | Normal |
IGF2 gene mutation | No | No | No | No |
H19 DMR % (ref range 33.0 – 49.8)# | 2.2 ↓ | 42.3 | 36.9 | 33.7 |
IGF2 DMR0% (ref range 36.5 – 54.9)# | 27.6 ↓ | 43.9 | 46.4 | 47.7 |