WT | HE | HO | β (95% CI) | P add | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n (men/women) | ACADS | 2,576 (1,208/1,368) | 1,496 (694/802) | 252 (105/147) | ||||
ACADM | 2,121(991/1,130) | 1,821(825/996) | 395(186/209) | |||||
Age (years) | 45 ± 8 | 45 ± 8 | 45 ± 8 | |||||
45 ± 8 | 45 ± 8 | 46 ± 8 | ||||||
BMI (kg/m2) | 25.5 ± 4.1 | 25.4 ± 3.9 | 25.8 ± 4.0 | 0.03 (-0.16;0.23) | 0.74 | |||
25.5 ± 4.0 | 25.6 ± 4.2 | 25.4 ± 3.8 | 0.03 (-0.16;0.21) | 0.79 | ||||
Plasma glucose (mmol/l) | ||||||||
Fasting | ACADS | 5.3 ± 0.4 | 5.3 ± 0.4 | 5.3 ± 0.4 | 0.005 (-0.013;0.024) | 0.55 | ||
ACADM | 5.3 ± 0.4 | 5.3 ± 0.4 | 5.3 ± 0.4 | 0.016 (-0.001;0.033) | 0.06 | |||
30-min during | 8.2 ± 1.5 | 8.2 ± 1.5 | 8.1 ± 1.6 | -0.05 (-0.12;0.02) | 0.18 | |||
an OGTT | 8.2 ± 1.5 | 8.1 ± 1.5 | 8.3 ± 1.5 | -0.02 (-0.08;0.05) | 0.60 | |||
120-min during | 5.5 ± 1.1 | 5.5 ± 1.2 | 5.5 ± 1.1 | -0.03 (-0.08;0.03) | 0.36 | |||
an OGTT | 5.5 ± 1.1 | 5.5 ± 1.1 | 5.5 ± 1.2 | -0.004 (-0.05;0.05) | 0.88 | |||
Incremental | 183.7 ± 100.3 | 177.9 ± 102.0 | 175.5 ± 100.7 | -4.90 (-9.82;0.01) | 0.05 | |||
AUC | 183.7 ± 99.3 | 177.5 ± 100.8 | 183.3 ± 103.7 | -2.9 (-7.5;1.6) | 0.21 | |||
Serum insulin (pmol/l) | ||||||||
Fasting | ACADS | 31 (22-46) | 31 (22-46) | 29 (23-41) | -1,9% (-4.3%;0.6%) | 0.14 | ||
ACADM | 31 (22-46) | 31 (22-45) | 31 (23-46) | 0.3% (-2.0%;2.6%) | 0.83 | |||
30-min during | 246 (177-356) | 239 (175-329) | 234 (181-302) | -3.8% (-6.3%;-1.3%) | 0.003 | |||
an OGTT | 239 (175-337) | 244 (178-351) | 245 (173-348) | 0.5% (-1.8%;2.8%) | 0.65 | |||
120-min during | 137 (88-212) | 139 (86-209) | 130 (87-189) | -1.1% (-4.5%;2.4%) | 0.51 | |||
an OGTT | 140 (87-212) | 136 (88-208) | 129 (80-214) | -2.8% (-5.9%;0.3%) | 0.08 | |||
Incremental | 18,220 (12,600-25,830) | 17,260 (12,700-23,980) | 16,200 (12,630-22,720) | -3.6% (-6.3%;-0.9%) | 0.009 | |||
AUC | 17,740 (12,720-24,780) | 17,780 (12,600-25,380) | 17,670 (12,490-25,790) | 0.1% (-2.3%;2.6%) | 0.91 | |||
Serum C-peptide (pmol/l) | ||||||||
Fasting | ACADS | 495 (392-632) | 499 (394-642) | 484 (399-627) | 0.2% (-1.3%;1.8%) | 0.78 | ||
ACADM | 498 (393-639) | 494 (392-632) | 496 (405-627) | -0.4% (-1.8%;1.0%) | 0.61 | |||
30-min during | 1,910 (1,490-2,390) | 1,840 (1,470-2,310) | 1,820 (1,450-2,268) | -1.8% (-3.4%;-0.1%) | 0.03 | |||
an OGTT | 1,880 (1,480-2,350) | 1,870 (1,490-2,398) | 1,870 (1,450-2,295) | 0.3% (-1.2%;1.8%) | 0.71 | |||
120-min during | 1,960 (1,500-2,490) | 1,980 (1,490-2,490) | 1,940 (1,450-2,410) | -0.2% (-2.0%;1.7%) | 0.84 | |||
an OGTT | 1,980 (1,500-2,508) | 1,960 (1,490-2,480) | 1,960 (1,480-2,490) | -1.3% (-3.0%;0.4%) | 0.13 | |||
Incremental | 149,800 (117,600-185,000) | 147,300 (117,700-181,600) | 138,500 (117,400-178,400) | -1.8% (-3.4%;-0.1%) | 0.03 | |||
AUC | 148,800 (117,100-184,100) | 148,000 (118,500-183,200) | 147,900 (116,600-183,800) | -0.1% (.1.7%;1.4%) | 0.85 | |||
Derived indices | ||||||||
HOMA-IR | ACADS | 7.5 (5.2-11.0) | 7.4 (5.1-11.0) | 6.8 (5.3-9.6) | -1.8% (-4.4%;0.7%) | 0.16 | ||
(mmol/l*pmol/l) | ACADM | 7.4 (5.1-11.0) | 7.5 (5.2-10.9) | 7.4 (5.3-11.0) | 0.6% (-1.8%;3.0%) | 0.63 | ||
BIGTT-Si | 10.3 ± 3.7 | 10.4 ± 3.8 | 10.6 ± 3.5 | 0.14 (-0.05;0.34) | 0.14 | |||
10.4 ± 3.7 | 10.3 ± 3.7 | 10.3 ± 3.6 | -0.01 (-0.19;0.17) | 0.93 | ||||
Insulinogenic | 79.9 (48.9-130.7) | 74.7 (49.2-123.4) | 77.1 (51.5-121.7) | -0.8% (4.2%;2.5%) | 0.63 | |||
index | 75.9 (48.2-123.9) | 80.0 (51.1-136.8) | 75.8 (46.5-126.4) | 2.6% (0.5%;5.7%) | 0.10 | |||
Disposition | 9.3 (5.1-17.7) | 9.3 (5.1-18.1) | 10.6 (5.7-18.7) | 0.7% (-3.1%;4.5%) | 0.73 | |||
index | 9.4 (5.3-18.2) | 9.4 (5.0-17.6) | 9.2 (4.9-16.7) | -3.5% (7.9%;0.8%) | 0.11 | |||
ISIMatsuda | 25.2 (17.8-35.4) | 26.1 (18.2-35.9) | 27.9 (20.1-36.0) | 2.9% (0.5%;5.2%) | 0.02 | |||
26.0 (18.0-35.4) | 25.3 (17.9-35.7) | 25.6 (18.1-35.7) | -0.2% (2.3%;2.0%) | 0.87 | ||||
BIGTT-AIR | 1,690 (1,344-2,149) | 1,655 (1,356-2,056) | 1,625 (1,317-2,067) | -2.2% (-4.2%;0.2%) | 0.03 | |||
1,668 (1,356-2,099) | 1,684 (1,351-2,140) | 1,712 (1,303-2,048) | 0.2% (-1.6%;2.0%) | 0.83 | ||||
AUCinsulin/ | 27.8 (20.2-38.4) | 27.0 (20.5-36.1) | 24.9 (19.8-35.1) | -0.03%(-0.05%;-0.01%) | 0.01 | |||
AUCglucose | 27.1 (20.3-37.0) | 27.6 (20.4-38.2) | 27.7 (19.8-38.3) | 0.002%(-0.019%; 0.023%) | 0.87 | |||
Genotype distribution and allele frequency among patients with T2D and glucose-tolerant control individuals | ||||||||
n (men/women) | WT (%) | HE (%) | HO (%) | MAF (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | P add | ||
ACADS | NGT | 4,824 (2,239/2,585) | 2,872 (59.5) | 1,673 (34.7) | 279 (5.8) | 23.1 (22.3-24.0) | 1.07 (0.96-1.18) | 0.21 |
rs2014355 | T2D | 3,489 (2,063/1,426) | 2,030 (58.2) | 1,243 (35.6) | 216 (6.2) | 24.0 (23.0-25.0) | ||
ACADM | NGT | 4,841 (2,237/2,604) | 2,353 (48.6) | 2,053 (42.4) | 435 (9.0) | 30.2 (29.3-31.1) | 1.01 (0.92-1.11) | 0.80 |
rs11161510 | T2D | 3,503 (2,083/1,420) | 1,686 (48.1) | 1,486 (42.4) | 331 (9.4) | 30.7 (29.6-31.8) |