Punjabi Cohort | US Cohort | Combined | |
---|---|---|---|
n = 2,431 | n = 879 | n = 3,310 | |
Age (yrs.) | 53.5 ± 12.9 | 48.0 ± 13.5 | 52.1 ± 13.3 |
% Males | 52.5 | 51.7 | 52.3 |
Age at Diagnosis (yrs.) | 47.6 ± 11.1 | 42.4 ± 18.9 | 47.4 ± 11.6 |
Duration of Diabetes (yrs.) | 7.6 ± 6.8 | 6.8 ± 7.1 | 7.6 ± 6.8 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 26.9 ± 5.1 | 26.9 ± 4.5 | 26.9 ± 5.0 |
Waist (cm) | 93.2 ± 12.4 | 92.5 ± 13.4 | 93.0 ± 12.7 |
WHR | 0.95 ± 0.07 | 0.90 ± 0.13* | 0.94 ± 0.10 |
FBG (mg/dL) | |||
Non-Diabetic | 95.0 ± 13.4 | 98.5 ± 13.0 | 96.6 ± 13.3 |
Diabetic | 162.7 ± 62.4 | 145.9 ± 42.7** | 160.8 ± 60.4 |
2h glucose (mg/dL) | |||
Non-Diabetic | 107.1 ± 23.2 | 115.4 ± 24.8 | 111.4 ± 24.4 |
Diabetic | 201.2 ± 69.2 | 228.2 ± 72.8¥ | 209.1 ± 71.3 |
Fasting Insulin (IU/mL) | 6.6 (6.3 - 6.9) | 7.4 (7.1 - 7.8) | 6.8 (6.6 - 7.1) |
HOMA-IR | 2.1 (2.0 - 2.2) | 1.9 (1.8 - 2.0) | 2.0 (1.9 - 2.1) |
HOMA-B | 37.9 (35.5 - 40.4) | 71.4 (67.5 - 75.5)φ | 45.7 (43.5 - 48.1) |
NG† (%) | 43.1 | 64.7 | 48.9 |
T2D‡ (%) | 53.8 | 16.0 | 43.7 |
IGT/IFG (%) | 3.1 | 19.2 | 7.4 |
†Normoglycemic; ‡Type II Diabetes; Impaired glucose tolerance, Impaired fasting glucose. *p < 0.001; **p = 0.002; ¥p = 0.02 (showing significant difference in the Punjabi and US cohorts); φp = 4.64 × 10-8; Skewed variables (insulin, HOMA-IR and HOMA-B) are presented in mean (95% confidence intervals). |